"Politicians are like the neighborhood cinemas,
make you first enter
and then you change the "
Jardiel Enrique Ponce
The political parties are transmission channels to the government , where demands are achieved population. Through the political parties decide which public policies be made to ensure peaceful coexistence and social progress. However, in recent times has taken on the idea that "Political parties are in the process of crisis" about their existence as such.
Despite the idea, currently our political parties remain the main instrument of political participation because their main objective is the attainment of political power , intended to turn the transformation and improvement of society. To achieve this goal, the different parties face off in a peaceful and rational struggle in obtaining social support needed in an election contest .
In our historical, political parties emerged around process of building nation states (Theory of the historical situation), the development parliaments (institutional theory) and process of modernization and socioeconomic changes (Theories of development).
It is therefore dynamic organizations evolve over time. Its functions are
1. Political socialization and creation of public opinion.
2. Harmonization of interests.
3. Formation of political elites.
4. Channeling of requests for the population towards the authorities.
5. Strengthening and stabilizing the political system.
Around the typology there are different proposals, all of great interest to those who observe closely the actions of these organizations:
Classification by Weber: I. Notable games: Turn around certain personalities of political and parliamentary life with a common interest in implementing a political program. Of weak internal structure and oligarchic character, consists of owners and professionals.
II. Mass parties: Its strength lies in the number of members, organization expands its space and time. Over time, the ruling elite would control the actions of the party, leaving the background the role of activists and MPs.
as Duverger and Kircheimer Rating: I. Box Matches: Prioritize full selection consisting of people with high status, not necessarily attached to a current ideology. The principle here is qualitative to quantitative priority in the organization.
II. Mass parties: It allows for the masses protagonists of the political process with a high level of ideology, with hierarchy, discipline and centralized, with constant activity and part-time militancy. It signified the birth of oligarchic tendencies bureaucracies.
III. Match all party: resign moral or intellectual recruitment of the masses, whose focus of attention is the whole electorate. Ideological penetration deep sacrifices for wide acceptance and electoral success. Are judged at the level of efficiency in society. Establishes links with many different interest groups to secure electoral support. They are the most popular games and large at this time.
Classification according to Rokkan:
Based on the historical political conflicts:
I. Between center and periphery: appear central parts of state and territory parties willing smaller regionalist.
II. Between Church and State: appear confessional parties and non-denominational or secular parties.
III. Between the countryside and the city: urban parties appear agrarian parties.
IV. Between wages and capital: defenders parties appear owners parties and defenders of workers. Defined the distinction between right-wing parties and left.
The democratic intervention of political parties is so poor to respond consensus solutions the population demands in different situations to which they were submitted, resulting in a distancing the electorate and the parties . In Peru, talks about "gap between political leaders and citizens."
Belief in symbol is a fundamental form of identification mobilized the masses s with the person of a leader . It is for this reason that in Peru "Outsiders" develop a force that surprises compared to other parts of our continent. The Otsiders are explanation against the "crisis of political representation" that crosses the country.
An Outsider is "an individual who comes from outside the political party system and political society, with a reputation earned in other activities, other than politics, and for these reasons, a crisis of one form of representation, people tend to trust her or him " (Lynch, 1999). These Outsiders are a political kind, with impolitic speech and appearance, the proposal is a form of alternative representation to the party . Everything else does not matter.
saw the picture, what is our responsibility to the public when it comes to political parties and their representation in the electorate? .'s worry in better understanding our reality and educate the electorate about the different policy proposals. We are the eyes, ears and brains of people who want and need to know. It is up to communicators serve the people in these times choice and decision.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chanamé Orbe, Raul (2007). Political Science.
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