The social cohesion is defined as the ability of a society to ensure the welfare of all its members , minimizing disparities and avoiding polarization. Accordingly, a cohesive society is a community of free individuals who mutually supportive and pursue certain common goals through democratic means . The importance of social cohesion lies in the development it poses for an entire society.
The inequality becomes one of the key factors that will determine the path a partnership between levels of fragmentation and cohesion . Therefore, in order to achieve social cohesion needed for sustainable development, the region must overcome the great challenges presented in inequality .
The inequality becomes one of the key factors that will determine the path a partnership between levels of fragmentation and cohesion . Therefore, in order to achieve social cohesion needed for sustainable development, the region must overcome the great challenges presented in inequality .
The social cohesion is seen as a half rather than an end, a means would achieve in the region such as higher economic growth. The challenges posed by the growth societies require flexible with adaptability and innovation , and powers to anticipate changes and not just limited to allergies. So
is as the basis for building a social cohesion index which allows then to explore the relationship that different levels of social cohesion have with development products, namely the growth and the competitiveness the resilience to economic shocks , the potential for technological innovation and democratic governance .
The exclusion in Latin America tends to be associated with factors on which the excluded have no control : their ethnic-racial ; characteristics as gender, age and physical capacity and location. The dimensions of gender and racial / ethnic origin are those that affect the largest number of people excluded from the region. The
lack of control over the conditions of exclusion can generate feelings of injustice, violence and conflict, and governance problems. Major groups of society have been disconnected, operating outside the formal institutions and markets. These groups seeking refuge niches, sometimes creating true "independent nations" with the territory, rules and systems of self-government. The
corresponding segments of the population rely on social networks mutual trust rather than make use of the formal judicial system and public social security system as frames of reference. The informality becomes an intrinsic feature of these groups are informal working relationships their , their properties and homes , their marriage arrangements even its own existence, as in the case of the undocumented. The
wage gaps between workers increased depending on level of education while the real average wage tended to decline. The wage inequality, but varies in intensity across countries, has been exacerbated in the region in the context of market liberalization and technological change, increasing the gap between skilled and unskilled . By comparison, in the East Asian wage differentials have tended to decline in a context of more dynamic growth .
is as the basis for building a social cohesion index which allows then to explore the relationship that different levels of social cohesion have with development products, namely the growth and the competitiveness the resilience to economic shocks , the potential for technological innovation and democratic governance .
The exclusion in Latin America tends to be associated with factors on which the excluded have no control : their ethnic-racial ; characteristics as gender, age and physical capacity and location. The dimensions of gender and racial / ethnic origin are those that affect the largest number of people excluded from the region. The lack of control over the conditions of exclusion can generate feelings of injustice, violence and conflict, and governance problems. Major groups of society have been disconnected, operating outside the formal institutions and markets. These groups seeking refuge niches, sometimes creating true "independent nations" with the territory, rules and systems of self-government. The
corresponding segments of the population rely on social networks mutual trust rather than make use of the formal judicial system and public social security system as frames of reference. The informality becomes an intrinsic feature of these groups are informal working relationships their , their properties and homes , their marriage arrangements even its own existence, as in the case of the undocumented. The
wage gaps between workers increased depending on level of education while the real average wage tended to decline. The wage inequality, but varies in intensity across countries, has been exacerbated in the region in the context of market liberalization and technological change, increasing the gap between skilled and unskilled . By comparison, in the East Asian wage differentials have tended to decline in a context of more dynamic growth .
If one defines human development as expansion capabilities and freedom of individuals to choose between different options , is without difficulty the importance of access to adequate levels of education, health and social protection. Compared to the rest of the world, region is affected by a problem of educational quality. The access and permanence of the children of poor families in secondary education, vocational and tertiary education remain low , as is the probability that these children complete primary school and enter high school. An important factor of educational segmentation is spatial location.
Fighting poverty also means encouraging poor access to basic infrastructure and services , especially water, sanitation, electricity, housing and improving the urban habitat. The large Latin American cities with situations of extreme inequality in the provision of urban infrastructure and social services. That
several democracies in the region have suffered severe economic crisis and / or internal conflicts hinder change process, where we consider the degree of institutionalization and its warm
d in terms of inclusion , efficiency of political representation, fairness, access to justice, and effectiveness and neutrality of the State .
Fighting poverty also means encouraging poor access to basic infrastructure and services , especially water, sanitation, electricity, housing and improving the urban habitat. The large Latin American cities with situations of extreme inequality in the provision of urban infrastructure and social services. That
several democracies in the region have suffered severe economic crisis and / or internal conflicts hinder change process, where we consider the degree of institutionalization and its warm
d in terms of inclusion , efficiency of political representation, fairness, access to justice, and effectiveness and neutrality of the State . 
Other signs include difficulty irregular transfers of presidential authority in some cases, the low degree of trust in democratic institutions and satisfaction with democracy, the power of street protests veto decisions carried out through formal representative institutions and a certain degree of electoral volatility to support political parties. The democracy is founded on the notion of decisions through consensus and compromise and is based on the presumption of political equality among citizens. analysis of levels of social cohesion and development is based on the need for the region to deepen social cohesion as a strategy to meet the challenges both internally and externally in a context globalization that requires companies flexible and adaptable.
High levels of social cohesion should be reflected in a more efficient operation of the main components of the institutional political system: efficiency in the formulation of policies ; quality of policies development and capacity shield against possible political clashes . Run
projects and getting a country to move towards higher levels of welfare necessarily be able to generate resources , but also spend know. States collect little, and some of these entries are lost inefficiencies in spending; in some cases, the result of poor design or poor implementation policies and in others because resources are diverted to other applications. This can be added the fact that in highly fragmented societies, the State fails to reach certain sectors of the population.
The IDB argues that this is strongly present in fields directly related to promoting social cohesion , while ensuring than by the idiosyncrasies of Latin America, becomes the world's most unequal region , ensuring that one of the first issues that the region has to face is the readjust the distribution structure of opportunities between individuals, where political will must translate into the investment strategies countries. Such an extension
expressed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB ) obvious sociological criteria around Latin America and its problems. In our country, to cite one example, programs social, focused as they are, make the country more harm than wellbeing. not the development that is pursued but the delay suitable for some social groups.
projects and getting a country to move towards higher levels of welfare necessarily be able to generate resources , but also spend know. States collect little, and some of these entries are lost inefficiencies in spending; in some cases, the result of poor design or poor implementation policies and in others because resources are diverted to other applications. This can be added the fact that in highly fragmented societies, the State fails to reach certain sectors of the population.
The IDB argues that this is strongly present in fields directly related to promoting social cohesion , while ensuring than by the idiosyncrasies of Latin America, becomes the world's most unequal region , ensuring that one of the first issues that the region has to face is the readjust the distribution structure of opportunities between individuals, where political will must translate into the investment strategies countries. Such an extension
expressed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB ) obvious sociological criteria around Latin America and its problems. In our country, to cite one example, programs social, focused as they are, make the country more harm than wellbeing. not the development that is pursued but the delay suitable for some social groups.
The concept of social cohesion is applicable to the extent that cultural diversity not so high as in our country. The policy initiatives not unify criteria, is advanced as you can . Amid the improvisation course understand that the measures taken in the economic benefit only the few and not reach the poorest.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inter-American Development Bank. Social Cohesion in Latin America and the Caribbean. Analysis, action and coordination.
